Blasting in Overburden is mainly done either to fragment and shatter the rock or to displace the rock in the mine area by casting of Overburden. According to explosive rules the explosives and their accessories are classified into eight classes. ... (power gel B Navashakti ) 17 Powder factor(o/b coal) O/B2,6ccm, 18 Stemming ...
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Powder factors Typical powder factors Rules of thumb used in mass blasts Rock type 3PF (kg/m) Hard Medium Soft Very Soft Typical powder factors used in presplit and smooth blasting Hole diameter PF (kg/m2) Hard
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Panel A coal mining block that generally comprises one operating unit. Panic bar A switch, in the shape of a bar, used to cut off power at the machine in case of an emergency. Parting (1) A small joint in coal or rock; (2) a layer of rock in a coal seam; (3) a side track or turnout in a haulage road.
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Coal is a black or brownishblack sedimentary rock that can be burned for fuel and used to generate electricity. It is composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons, which contain energy that can be released through combustion (burning). Coal is the largest source of energy for generating electricity in the world, and the most abundant fossil fuel ...
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The Cenozoicage Makum coal from northeastern India offers numerous research opportunities because of its diverse geochemical and geological characteristics. Due to its high sulfur content, the coal has been found to be less useful for industrial purposes. It can, however, serve as a hub for ongoing research on coalbased derivative products. The aim of this research work is to investigate the ...
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Coal shots also g/m3 for overburden and interburdens and 160 to have a lower attenuation due to the depth of the 280 g/m3 for coal. Coal shots use higher powder fac shots, besides attenuation of ground motions with tor to ensure good coal fragmentation and as the distance there is attenuation with depth as coal shots overburden material goes ...
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Powder factor is simply an economic tool to evaluate various blast designs, as numerous variables will dramatically change the powder factor of the blast to where it can fall anywhere between to pounds per cu. yd. No method exists to accurately calculate a suitable range of ± pounds per cu. yd. that could be applied to a design ...
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The results are plotted graphically and are shown in : Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock vs Powder factor (PF) It is evident from the figure 7 that the powder factor is increases as the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is increases. Increase in UCS means rock mass is strong which requires more explosive energy to break.
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Powder factor: Mass of explosives used per BCM rock blasted. Softs: Material that can be free dig or can be remove by mechanical means without the use of chemical energy. Hards: Material that requires chemical energy to break in order for it to be ... The costeffectiveness of removing overburden from the underlying coal seams ("overburden ...
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Today we are going to talk about what role powder factor plays in our daytoday applications of drilling and blasting. Powder factor is expressed in many different forms. Essentially it is a measurement of explosives per quantity of rock. The typical variation of this that we use on a daily basis is how many pounds of explosives per cubic yard ...
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"Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirtyfive years have created a paradigm shift for drill and blast personnel at these large ...
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In blasting operations for removal of the overburden rocks, which have little or no inherent value, the powder factor is expressed in kg/m 3 [ 5 ]. Generally, the powder factor value varies from as low as to as much as kg/m 3 with kg/m 3 being the most common, in the open pit mines [ 6 ].
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Powder Factor (Coal) (Te/Kg) = Volume of Block geometry (m3) X Specific gravity (Coal) Quantity of Explosive used (Kg) Calculation of Volume of Block Geometry: Requirements: Surveyor, Measuring tape, Lime powder (Chuna,) 1. Collect the geological information of the patch where powder factor has to be determined. 2. Visit the patch alongwith ...
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2. u0007For hole firing instantaneously along a row, the KS should be equal to 2; 3. u0007For holes firing on a delay, the KS should be between and and typically between and This is because the blasting is fourdimensional, as timing is a crucial part of the design.
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changing the powder factor. The average burdentocharge diameter ratio of 25 to 30 is for average density rocks similar to the typical rocks listed in table 191. Denser rocks such as basalt require smaller ratios (higher powder factors). Lighter materials such as some sandstone or bituminous coal can be blasted with higher ratios (lower ...
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waste rock., for example, contain toxic substances like. heavy metals. that can leach into soil or water. Storing waste from mining causes land to degrade and the natural landscape to decline in health and quality. Coal mining, for example, contaminates water supplies and destroys natural habitats by its excessive production of dust and methane.
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The general physical factors causally related to the environmental effects of surface coal mining are climate, topography, overburden, coal, hydrology, and land use. Each factor is described by a series of parameters, and each parameter may have several possible values. These parameters and possible values are shown in Table
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the powder factor, ... Dragline is an HEMM used in coal mining for removal of overburden and dumping it into decoaled area. Failure of dragline contributed to total downtime of 4955 h in 28month ...
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The overburden/ top soil as encountered in the boreholes drilled, mainly composed of black cotton soil/ marly sediments along with sand and rolled fragments of basalt. ... (through higher powder factors). The mechanistic models, on the other hand, track the physics of detonation and energy transfer for specific blast designs (Bruno, 2016 ...
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The results showed that the optimum hole spacing was no more than m and the powder factor was no more than kg/m 3, and it proved that an effective casting percentage (ECP) of 34% could be realized. 1. Introduction Blastcasting practice in opencast coal mines is characterised by large blast hole diameter and large charges.
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• Trench depths of 12' to 20': powder factor = • Trench depths over 20': powder factor = Notes: 1 Trench depth does not include subdrilling; hole depth does. 2 In trenches where the overburden is not removed, the overburden is included in the cubic yard calculations.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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